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Should I Pay Off Debt or Save? Here’s the Formula (UK GUIDE)
💡 The Big Question
You’ve got a bit of cash — maybe £500, maybe £5,000 — and you’re wondering:
👉 Should I stick it in savings, or kill off my debt?
The boring answer is “it depends.”
The fierce answer is: do the maths and stop guessing.
📊 The Formula
Here’s the simple rule:
If the interest rate on your debt is higher than the interest rate on your savings → pay off the debt.
Formula
Example:
- Credit card APR = 20%
- Savings account = 5%
- 20 – 5 = 15% loss → your debt is eating your money alive.
⚖️ Example Scenarios
Scenario 1: You’ve Got £1,000 and a Credit Card at 20% APR
- If you keep the £1,000 in savings at 5% → you earn £50 a year.
- If you use it to pay down debt → you save £200 in interest.
👉 Winner = pay off debt.
Scenario 2: You’ve Got £5,000, Debt at 6% APR, and a Savings Account at 5%
- If you save → you earn £250 a year.
- If you pay debt → you save £300 a year.
👉 Pretty close. In this case, do half-and-half (emergency fund + debt).
Scenario 3: No Debt, Just Wondering if Saving Is Enough
Answer: Yes, but only with a plan. Build at least 3–6 months of expenses first, then start investing.
🛡️ Emergency Fund First Rule
Even if your debt is screaming at you, don’t throw every single penny at it.
Always keep at least £500–£1,000 in easy-access savings.
👉 Why? Because if the car breaks down and you’ve got no buffer, you’ll end up slapping it back on the credit card = hamster wheel.
🎯 Step-by-Step Plan
- Build a mini emergency fund (£500–£1,000).
- Compare interest rates → use the formula.
- If debt APR > savings APY → pay down debt aggressively.
- Once high-interest debt is gone, shift to building long-term savings (ISA, investments).
📊 Quick Reference Table
|
Debt APR |
Savings Rate |
Best Move |
|
20% |
5% |
Pay off debt ASAP |
|
10% |
3% |
Pay off debt |
|
6% |
5% |
Mix: savings + debt pay |
|
3% |
5% |
Build savings first |
Should I pay off debt or save first?
Use this formula:
If debt interest is higher (e.g. 20% credit card vs. 5% savings), paying debt is smarter.
Always keep a small emergency fund before throwing cash at debt.
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